📖 SATURDAY PRAYER: NETZACH -YESHIVAT HAVERIM יְשִׁיבָה חברים – BABYLONIAN TALMUD p131

READING: BETWEEN MIDNIGHT AND DAWN OF SATURDAY

“One who has entirely forgotten,” etc. Whence is this deduced? Said R. Na’hman in the name of
Rabba b. Abuhu: “There are two verses in the Scripture, viz. [Exod. xxxi. 16]: ‘And the children
of Israel shall keep the Sabbath,’ and [Lev. xix. 3]: ‘And my Sabbaths shall ye keep.’ How is this
to be explained?” The first means the observance of the commandment of Sabbath generally,
and the second means one observance of the commandment for each Sabbath.
“One who knew (the principle of) Sabbath.” What is the reason of a difference between the
former and the latter part of the Mishna? Said R. Na’hman: For what transgression does the
Scripture make one liable for a sin-offering? For what is done through ignorance? In the former
part of the Mishna the case of one who was not aware that it was Sabbath is dealt with, and
hence only one sin-offering is imposed, while in the latter the case dealt with is of one who was
aware that it was Sabbath, but ignorant as to the acts of labor, hence a sin-offering for each act is
prescribed.
“Liable for a sin-offering,” etc. Whence do we deduce the distinction between acts of labor?
Said Samuel: It is written [Exod. xxxi. 14]: “Every one that defileth it shall be surely put to
death.” We see, then, that the Scripture has provided many deaths 1 for defiling the Sabbath. But
does not the verse refer to one who violates the Sabbath wantonly? As it cannot be applied to an
intentional violator, for it is already written [Exod. xxxv. 2]: Whosoever doeth work thereon
shall be put to death”; therefore apply it to an unintentional sinner. How, then, will you explain
the words “put to death”? That is only the pecuniary equivalent (of being put to death) (viz., he
shall bring a sin-offering which costs money). Why not advance the distinction between the acts
of labor, as R. Nathan (does elsewhere)? Samuel is not of the opinion of R. Nathan, but of R.
Jossi, who says that the additional commandment not to kindle a fire on the Sabbath was taught
additionally for the special purpose of conveying to us that one who does kindle a fire is not to
be punished either with Karath or stoning; for we have learned in a Boraitha: The additional
commandment not to kindle a fire on the Sabbath was taught additionally for the special purpose
of conveying to us that one who kindles a fire on the Sabbath is not to be punished either with
Karath or stoning. Such is the opinion of R. Jossi. R. Nathan says it is written for the sake of separation
(from other acts). Let then the separation of acts of labor be adduced whence R. Jossi adduces
them–in the following Boraitha: It is written [Lev. iv. 2]: “And do (of) any (one) of them,” as
follows: Sometimes one is only bound to bring one sin-offering for all transgressions, and
sometimes one is bound to bring a sin-offering for each and every transgression separately.